When most people think of the risks associated with high blood pressure—also known as hypertension—they tend to focus on heart attacks, strokes, or kidney disease. But did you know that unmanaged hypertension can also increase your risk for hearing loss, particularly as you age?
Age-related hearing loss, or presbycusis, typically begins to show signs in your 40s, 50s, or 60s. It may progress gradually and without obvious symptoms, but the damage it causes is often permanent. In many cases, this type of hearing loss stems from years of cumulative damage to the auditory system. One significant but often overlooked contributing factor is elevated blood pressure, which can harm the delicate blood vessels in the inner ear.
What is blood pressure and why should you care?
Blood pressure measures the force of blood pushing through your arteries. When this pressure is consistently too high, it puts excessive strain on your blood vessels. Over time, this can cause the vessels to stiffen, narrow, or become damaged, increasing your risk for serious health issues—including hearing loss.
Your blood pressure reading is made up of two numbers:
- Systolic pressure (the top number) measures the pressure during heartbeats.
- Diastolic pressure (the bottom number) measures pressure between beats.
Blood pressure categories
- Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg
- Elevated: 120-129/<80 mm Hg
- Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
- Stage 2 Hypertension: 140+/90+ mm Hg
- Hypertensive Crisis: Over 180/120 mm Hg (emergency care required)
How high blood pressure can affect your ears
The ears are home to a complex network of tiny blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the auditory system. When hypertension compromises these vessels, the ear structures—especially the cochlea and tiny sensory hair cells known as stereocilia—can become damaged.
These stereocilia are responsible for translating sound vibrations into nerve signals your brain can interpret. Unfortunately, they do not regenerate once damaged. As a result, hearing loss from vascular damage caused by high blood pressure is often irreversible.
Scientific studies show a strong correlation between elevated blood pressure and the severity of hearing loss. People with normal blood pressure tend to maintain better hearing over time, while those with hypertension are at greater risk for both developing and worsening hearing impairment.
Is ear discomfort a symptom of high blood pressure?
Despite the vascular damage it causes, high blood pressure rarely presents with obvious symptoms. It is often called the “silent killer” for this reason. A common misconception is that sensations like “hot ears” or ear pressure indicate high blood pressure. In reality, these symptoms are more likely due to hormonal changes, stress, or emotional responses.
However, some people with hypertension do report worsened symptoms of tinnitus—a ringing or buzzing in the ears. If you experience persistent tinnitus or suspect hearing changes, it’s important to consult a hearing care professional for a comprehensive evaluation.
How to manage blood pressure and protect your hearing
The good news is that blood pressure can often be managed through lifestyle changes and medical treatment. Lowering your blood pressure may even help preserve your hearing or prevent further deterioration.
Tips for lowering blood pressure
- Adopt a heart-healthy diet: Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats. The DASH or Mediterranean diet is a great place to start.
- Get regular exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
- Reduce sodium intake: Limit processed and fast foods, which are often high in salt.
- Follow medication guidelines: If prescribed, take your blood pressure medication consistently as directed by your physician.
- Minimize stress: Incorporate relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga into your daily routine.
While treating hypertension is essential, it’s also important to take proactive steps to protect your ears.
Steps to safeguard your hearing health
In addition to controlling your blood pressure, the following habits can help you protect your hearing:
- Avoid prolonged exposure to loud noise: Wear ear protection when attending concerts, working with loud equipment, or in noisy environments.
- Use hearing protection: Earplugs or noise-canceling headphones can reduce the risk of sound-induced hearing damage.
- Schedule regular hearing exams: Early detection of hearing loss can lead to better treatment outcomes and long-term auditory health.
Concerned about hearing loss and blood pressure? Take action
If you have been diagnosed with hypertension and are experiencing signs of hearing difficulty—such as frequently asking others to repeat themselves, struggling with conversations in noisy places, or turning up the volume on devices—it’s time to schedule an appointment with a hearing specialist.
Your hearing health matters. Don’t wait—early intervention can make a significant difference.
Find a hearing care provider near you and take the first step toward better hearing today.